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Objective:To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on serine threonine protein kinase (Akt) /nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury to human renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cell line were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1.5×10 4 cells/ml (200 μl/well) or in 6-well plates at a density of 2×10 5 cells/ml (2 ml/well) were divided into 5 groups( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), hydrogen-rich group (group H), group H/R, H/R plus hydrogen-rich saline group (group H/R+ H) and H/R plus hydrogen-rich saline plus Akt inhibitor uprosertib group (group H/R+ H+ U) .In group C, the cells were incubated for 28 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃ (5%CO 2-21%O 2-74%N 2). In group H, cells were added to the medium containing 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich saline, and then incubated for 28 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group H/R, the cells were incubated in an anaerobic chamber (37 ℃, 5%CO 2-1%O 2-94 %N 2) for 24 h, and then incubated for 4 h in an incubator filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group H/R+ H, the cells were incubated in an anaerobic chamber for 24 h, and then incubated for 4 h in an incubator containing 0.6 mmol/L filled with normoxia at 37 ℃.In group H/R+ H+ U, the cells were incubated for 1 h in the culture medium containing uprosertib 10 μmol/L (final concentration) and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group H/R+ H. After treatment in each group, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured using xanthine oxidase method), malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by thiobarbituric acid method, the expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2 and activated caspase-3 was detected by Western blot, and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability and activity of SOD were significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate and content of MDA were increased, and the expression of p-Akt, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, activated caspase-3 protein and Nrf2 mRNA was up-regulated in group H/R and group H/R+ H ( P<0.05). Compared with group H/R, the cell viability and activity of SOD were significantly increased, the apoptosis rate and content of MDA were decreased, the expression of p-Akt, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2 and Nrf2 mRNA was up-regulated and expression of activated caspase-3 protein was down-regulated in group H/R+ H ( P<0.05). Compared with group H/R+ H, the cell viability and activity of SOD was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate and content of MDA were increased, the expression of p-Akt, nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2 protein and Nrf2m RNA was down-regulated, and the expression of activated caspase-3 protein was up-regulated in group H/R+ H+ U ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline attenuates H/R injury to human renal tubular epithelial cells is related to improving activation of Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, decreasing oxidative stress response and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
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Objective:To evaluate the pre- and post-implantation dosimetric consistency and efficacy of CT-guided 125I radioactive seed implantation for the treatment of the local recurrence of lung cancers under the assistance of a universal coplanar template (also referred to as the universal template). Methods:This study involved 38 patients with a local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancers who received universal template-assisted 125I radioactive seed implantation in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from Jan 2009 to Dec 2015.Preoperative planning was carried out before implantation, and the prescription dose was 110 Gy.The paired T-test was adopted for cooperation between intraoperative verification result and pre-plan values of the dosimetric parameters including minimum peripheral dose (MPD), the minimum prescription doses delivered to 90% and 100% of the target volume ( D90 and D100), conformity index (CI), external index (EI), and homogeneity index (HI). The efficacy was evaluated at the 6th month after implantation according to the RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Results:All patients successively received the seed implantation.The pre-plan and post-implant dosimetric parameters were as follows: MPD (222.7±26.2), (227.74±29.8) Gy; D90(130.8±13.6), (134.8±12.8) Gy; D100 (106.4±10.6), (110.7±11.8) Gy, CI ( 0.75±0.06), (0.74±0.04), EI(22.7±5.8)%, (24.3±4.8)%; HI(36.8±4.7)%, (37.2±5.3)%, the mean irradiation dose of hearts (19.3±7.2), (21.3±6.8) Gy( P> 0.05). The median follow-up period was 22.5 months (8-98 months). The median survival was 21 months (95% CI, 7.4-34.6), and the 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) rate were 47.4%, 39.5%, and 83.5%, respectively. Conclusions:The universal template-assisted and CT-guided 125I radioactive seed implantation in the treatment of postoperative local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancers can achieve the goal of the preoperative TPS planning during the operation and achieve good efficacy.It is a minimally invasive, accurate, safe and effective therapy.
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Objective:To explore the value of digital information line mark coplanar template (also referred to as the line mark template) in 125I radioactive seed implantation for the treatment of lung cancers. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 58 cases of lung cancers who were treated with template-assisted seed implantation in Oncology Department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from Aug 2017 to May 2019.Line mark templates were adopted for 30 cases (the line mark template group) and general standard coplanar templates (also referred to as the general template) were used for 28 cases (the general template group). Pre-plan and post-implant parameters were compared, including the minimum prescription dose delivered to 90% of target volume ( D90), minimum peripheral dose (MPD), mean percentages of volume receiving 100%, 150% and 200% of the prescription doses ( V100, V150 and V200), external index (EI), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) of target volume.The operation duration was also compared between the two groups. Results:There was no statistical difference between pre-plan and post-implant D90, MPD, V100, V150 and V200 in the line mark template group ( P>0.05). There was also no statistical difference between pre-plan and post-implant D90, MPD, V100, V150 and V200 of the general template group ( P>0.05). The operation duration of the line mark template group and the general template group was (44.3±12.4) and (60.0±12.8) min, respectively ( t=-3.03, P<0.05). Conclusions:The use of template-assisted seed implantation can accurately achieve preoperative planning, while the line mark template shortens the operation duration and thus improves the tolerance of patients.
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Objective:To investigate whether ferroptosis of nerve cells exists in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP), and to explore the mechanism of O 3 treatment of NP. Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: neuropathic pain model group (NP group), sham operation group (Sham group) and ozone group (O 3 group). The partial sciatic nerve ligation was used in the NP and O 3 groups to construct a neuropathic pain model. The Sham group was subjected to sham surgery. In the O 3 group, 15 μl of O 3 (40 μg/ml) was injected locally at the injury site, and the NP and Sham were injected with the same amount of air, once per day. The mechanical contraction response threshold (MWT) and thermal contraction latency (TWL) of the rats were measured 1 day before the surgery (T0) and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the surgery (T1 to T4). The spinal cord segments of rats were collected. The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and long chain fatty acid coenzyme A synthetase 4 (ACSL4) at T1 to T4 was detected using Western Blot. The number of NeuN+ neuron cells in the spinal dorsal horn at T4 was detected using immunofluorescence technology. The specific changes of ferroptosis at T4 was observed by a transmission electron microscopy. Iron deposition in the spinal dorsal horn at T1 to T4 was measured using ferroptosis kits. Results:Compared with the Sham group, rats in the NP group and O 3 group showed decreasing of MWT decreased and shortening of TWL at T2 to T4, decreasing of NeuN+ neurons in spinal dorsal horn at T4, specific changes of ferroptosis in mitochondria at T4, and increasing of iron content in nerve tissue at T2 to T4. Compared with the Sham group, rats in NP group showed decreasing of GPX4 level and increasing of ACSL4 level. Compared with the NP group, rats in the O 3 group showed increasing of MWT and prolonging of TWL at T2 to T4, increasing of the GPX4 level and decreasing of ACSL4 level at T2 to T4, increasing of the number of NeuN+ neuron cells in the spinal dorsal horn, improving of the mitochondrial atrophy of nerve cells, and decreasing of the iron content in nerve tissue at T2 to T4. The above results are statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism of O 3 in treating neuropathic pain may be through inhibition of iron death.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hydrogen-induced inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages.Methods:The mouse RAW264.7 macrophages cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups ( n=24 each) according to the random number table method: control group (C group), LPS group (L group), hydrogen-rich solution plus LPS group (H+ L group), and hydrogen-rich solution plus LPS plus HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) group (H+ L+ M group). LPS 1 μg/ml was added, and the cells were incubated for 6 h in group L. In group L+ H, LPS was added first, the medium was changed to 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich solution, and cells were incubated for 6 h. In group H+ L+ M, 2ME2 10 μmol/L was given first, cells were then incubated for 30 min, LPS and hydrogen-rich solution were added, and cells were incubated for 6 h. Western blot was used to determine the expression of HIF-1α, Beclin-1, Bcl-2/E1B-19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and LC3.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the supernatant.The number of autophagosomes was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant were significantly increased, the expression of HIF-1α, Beclinl and BNIP3 in macrophages was up-regulated, the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ was increased, and the number of autophagosomes was increased in group L ( P<0.05). Compared with group L, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased, the expression of HIF-1α, Beclin-1 and BNIP3 in macrophages was up-regulated, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased, and the number of autophagosomes was increased in group H+ L ( P<0.05). Compared with group H+ L, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant were significantly decreased, the expression of HIF-1α, Beclin-1, and BNIP3 in macrophages was down-regulated, and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ was decreased, and the number of autophagosomes was decreased in group H+ L+ M ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HIF-1α-mediated activation of autophagy is involved in the process of hydrogen-induced inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages.
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Objective@#To investigate the incidence of neck and shoulder pain among dentists in several hospitals in Tianjin, China and the main factors for the onset of neck and shoulder pain, and to provide ideas for reducing the incidence rate of neck and shoulder pain in dentists.@*Methods@#In December 2018, a total of 140 dentists from General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and Tianjin Stomatological Hospital were selected as respondents. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the incidence rate of neck and shoulder pain among the dentists and related influencing factors. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed, among which 129 (96.9%) were usable questionnaires. The questionnaire contained the questions on personal information and conditions of neck and shoulder pain. The continuous data were expressed as Mean±SD, and the categorical data were expressed as percentage (%) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate influencing factors.@*Results@#Among the 129 respondents, 120 (93.02%) had neck and shoulder pain. The prevalence rates of neck pain alone, shoulder pain alone, and neck and shoulder pain were 34.9% (45/129) , 31.8% (41/129) , and 26.3% (34/129) , respectively. Certain factors, such as age, sex, exercise, working time, bad sitting posture, inappropriate seat, and engagement in periodontology or orthodontics, had a linear relationship with the incidence rate of neck and shoulder pain among the respondents (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#There is a high incidence rate of neck and shoulder pain among the dentists in some hospitals in Tianjin. Dentists should be encouraged to control the number of consultations, adjust the sitting posture during work, arrange working hours reasonably, and strengthen physical exercise, so as to reduce the incidence rate of neck and shoulder pain.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of application of pulsed radiofrequency to dorsal root ganglia on activation of spinal astrocytes in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group Sham),group NP,pulsed radiofrequency group (PRF group) and sham pulsed radiofrequency group (group SPRF).NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI).The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI and 1,7,14 and 21 days after CCI.Four rats were sacrificed at 1 day before CCI and 14 and 21 days after CCI,and the L4.6 segments of the spinal cord were harvested to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) by Western blot.Results Compared with group Sham,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after CCI,and the expression of GFAP and IL-1β was up-regulated at 14 and 21 days after CCI in NP,PRF and SPRF groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at 14 and 21 days after CCI (P＜0.05),and the expression of GFAP and IL-1β was down-regulated at 14 and 21 days after CCI in group PRF (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SPRF (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which pulsed radiofrequency reduces NP is probably related to inhibiting spinal astrocyte activation in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on autophagy in the spinal neurons of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Sixty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-l0 weeks,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),neuropathic pain group (NP group),and hydrogen-rich saiine group (H group).Neuropathic pain was produced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in the rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in group H,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and NP groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL)were measured at 1 day before operation (T0) and 1,3,5 and 7 days after operation (T1-4).The animals were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at day 7 after operation.L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were harvested to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and p62 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was significantly shortened at T2-4,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 was significantly up-regulated at T4 in NP and H groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the TWL was significantly prolonged at T2-4,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated at T4 in group H (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces neuropathic pain is related to induction of autophagy in the spinal neurons of rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of pulsed radiofrequency application to dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) on neuronal Navl.8 expression in a rat model of inflammatory pain.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),pulsed radiofrequency group (group PR),and inflammatory pain + pulsed radiofrequency group (group IP+PR).2.5％ formalin 100 μl was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw to induce inflammatory pain.Pulsed radiofrequency was applied on L4,5 DRGs at 42 ℃ for 180 s starting from 4 days after formalin injection.At 1 day before formalin injection (T0),and 1,3,5 and 7 days after formalin injection (T1-4),the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured in the right hindpaw.After the last measurement of pain threshold,the rats were sacrificed,and the DRGs of the L4.5 were removed for determination of Navl.8 mRNA expression (by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and Nav1.8 protein expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was shortened at T1-4,and the expression of Navl.8 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in IP and IP+PR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the TWL was prolonged at T1.4,and the expression of Navl.8 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group IP+PR (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism bv which pulsed radiofrequency application to DRGs reduces inflammatory pain is probably related to down-regulation of neuronal Nav1.8 expression in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and influencing factors analysis of doxorubicin treatment for herpes zoster neuralgia postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Methods From January 2010 to January 2014 in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,209 cases of herpes zoster neural-gia patients (94 males,1 1 5 females,aged 45-86 years)received doxorubicin non-vascular interven-tional treatment,using visual analogue scale (visual analogue scale,VAS score)to evaluate curative effect,then recorded the related factors of patients (gender,age,location,duration,and degree of pain,whether to have hypoimmunity disease,early antiviral treatment,the presence of hyperalgesia, and outbreak pain,drug concentration,guiding method,the recent curative effect).Using single-fac-tor analysis of variance procedure and multiple factors of logistic regression analysis.Results The to-tal effective rate was 82.76% (1 73/209)after one month,the total effective rate was 86.12% (180/209)after twelve months.Single factor analysis showed that age≤65 years,duration of diseases<3 months,severe pain(VAS≥ 7 )or with low immunity disease was significantly associated with the curative effect of treatment of PHN (P <0.05).Multi-factor analysis showed that with low immunity diseases such as malignant tumor (OR =1.418,95%CI 1.347-8.563),the course of the disease more than 3 months (OR = 2.408,95% CI 3.325-18.643 ) were independent prognostic factors of influencing curative effects.Conclusion With low immunity diseases such as malignant tumor and the duration of more than 3 months,curative effect of doxorubicin non-vascular interventional treatment may be poor,patients should be treated as early as possible.
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Objective To explore the effect of microRNAs 224 and 21 on human glioma stem cells survival and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods qPCR was used to detect the dysregulated expression of microRNAs in malignant glioma samples, human GBM stem cells, artificially established GBM stem cell lines and human tissues.Caspase 3/7 assay, Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay were performed to determine the effect of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell apoptosis.Living cells count was used to assess miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell growth.TargetScan was used to explore potential targets of miR-21 and miR-224, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether the 3’UTR of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim mRNA was a binding target of miR-21 or miR-224.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim protein after transfection of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics or inhibitors.Results miR-21 and miR-224 are strongly upregulated in GSC samples, multiple GBM human tumor specimens, and GBM neurosphere stem cell lines ( P<0.05 ) .Caspase 3/7 assay and Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay results showed that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC apoptosis.Living cells count results demonstrated that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC growth.miR-224 and miR-21 regulate pro-apoptotic gene expression by directly targeting Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Bim 3’-UTRs. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-224 and miR-21 are important physiologic drivers of GSC resistance to apoptosis, providing new points of therapeutic leverage against these treatment-resistant cells.
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Objective To investigate the effect of the histological changes on rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after 125I seed brachytherapy.Methods Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ( 150-180g each) were randomly divided into 6 groups,125I seeds with different activities of 0 (Titanium shell),14.8,18.5,22.2,25.9 and 29.6 MBq were implanted to 6 groups of rats respectively and the behavioral changes of rats were observed.The rats were killed in different periods after implantation,the morphological changes in DRG and surrounding muscle tissue were observed with an Olympus BX51 optical microscope and then the irradiation doses were estimated.Results After 125I seed implantation,the movement function of rats was not affected and the weight of rats gained after 7 days.After the titanium shell implantation,very few mild swelling was induced in neuroganglion cells that still had clear nucleolus and normal cytoplasm.At 14 days after 18.5 MBq seed implantation,cell swelling was more serious and cell dehydrating,nuclear condensation and nuclear fragmentation appeared after 30 days.At 60 days after 29.6 MBq of seed implantation,nuclear dissolution and cytoplasmic shrinkage were induced in a large number of cells.In general,the severity of fibrosis was aggravated with the time post-irradiation and the dose in the muscles around the ganglion.Conclusions After 125I seed implantation,the injury degree of DRG tissue is dose-dependent,and the 125I seed irradiation would have analgesic effect on releasing intractable pain.
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Objective To evaluate the histologic changes of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and pain threshold following implantation of iodine-125(125I) seeds in the lumbar intervertebral foramina in rats.Methods Thirtysix adult male SD rats aged 6 months weighing 220-250 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =12 each):group sham operation (group A) and groups low and high radioactive 125I seeds (groups B and C).125I seeds of 0.4 and 0.8 mCi were implanted in L4,5 and L5,6 intervertebral foramina in groups B and C respectively.Paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation (MWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal nociceptive stimuli (TWL) were measured 2 days before (T1,baseline) and at 2,7,14,30 and 60 days after implantation (T2-6) in 6 animals in each group.The remaining 6 animals in each group were sacrificed at 14 and 60 days after 125I seeds implantation for microscopic examination of L5 DRG.Results MWT and TWL were significantly decreased after 125I seeds implantation at T4 compared with the baseline values at T1 in both groups,and returned to the baseline in group B and were significantly increased in group C at T6.The neurons were severely injured in DRG in groups B and C in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Implantation of 125I seeds in intervertebral foramen can induce radiation resection of DRG.
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Objective To systematically review the efficacy of pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.Methods A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify all randomized placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia.Medline,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Database and CNKI were searched from January 1966 up to December 2008.The modified Jadad scale was used for quality assessment.Numerical rating scale ( NRS),effective analgesia rate and the incidence of adverse effects were taken as main outcomes.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 4.2 software.Results A total of four studies involving 1024 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The modified Jadad scale scores for the 4 studies were ≥ 4.The NRS scores were significantly lower,while effective analgesia rate was higher in groups 150,300,600 mg/d than placebo-controlled group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in NRS scores and effective analgesia rate between 150 mg/d and 300 mg/d groups.The NRS scores were significantly lower in 600 mg/d group than in 300 mg/d group,but there were no significant differences in effective analgesia rate between 600 mg/d and 300 mg/d groups.The most frequent adverse effects were dizziness,somnolence,peripheral edema,and headache.Most of the adverse effects were mild or moderate in intensity.The occurrence of adverse effects appeared to be dose-related.Conclusion Pregabalin is effective and safe in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia,but the efficacy of reducing pain is not a dose-dependent manner.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of adriamycin injection around trigeminal ganglion via foramen ovale for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia under the guidance of X-ray and neurostimulator.Methods 0.5% adriamycin 0.5 ml was injected into foramen ovale under the guidance of X-ray and neurostimulator in 78 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia.Correct location of needle tip wax confirmed by lidocaine injection.THe patients were followed up for 24 months after adriamycin injection.The rate of effectiveness,excellent/good rate,compile remission rate and recurence rate were calculated.The complications were observed.Results On the day of treatment,and at 7 days and 1,6,12,24 months after treatment,the complete remission rate was 21%,18%,51%,45%,43%,and 39%respectively,the excellent/good rate 42%,41%,68%,65%,62%,and 54%respectively,and the rate of effectiveness 76%,82%,92%,91%,78%,and 70%respectivdy.The recurrence rate was 3%,20%and 35%at 6,12 and 24 months after treatment respectively.Facial numbness developed in 17 patients and disappeared after 8-12 months.No severe complication occurred.Conclusion Adriamycin injection around trigeminal ganglion via foramen ovale under the guidance of X-ray and neuronstimulator for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is effective and safe.